Bihar in eastern India is a land steeped in history, spirituality, and cultural richness. With its ancient ruins, sacred sites, and vibrant festivals, Bihar offers visitors a glimpse into India’s glorious past and spiritual heritage. Here are some of the best places to visit in Bihar:
1. Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gaya is one of the world’s most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage sites, renowned as where Lord Buddha gained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree. The Mahabodhi Temple Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, houses the Mahabodhi Temple, the sacred Bodhi Tree, and other important Buddhist monuments. Pilgrims and tourists flock to Bodh Gaya to meditate, pray, and pay homage to the Buddha’s teachings.
2. Nalanda
Nalanda is an ancient centre of learning and scholarship, renowned for its prestigious Nalanda University, one of the world’s oldest universities. The ruins of Nalanda University, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offer insights into ancient Indian education and intellectual pursuits. Visitors can explore the archaeological remains of monasteries, temples, and libraries, reflecting Nalanda’s rich cultural and academic legacy.
3. Rajgir
Rajgir, at the foothills of the Rajgir Hills, is a historic city with significant spiritual and archaeological importance. It was the capital of the Magadha Empire and served as a prominent Buddhist and Jain pilgrimage site. The ancient ruins of Rajgir include the Griddhakuta Hill, where Lord Buddha preached the Fire Sermon, and the Vishwa Shanti Stupa, a symbol of world peace and unity. The Rajgir Rope Way offers panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes.
4. Vaishali
Vaishali is an ancient city with profound historical and religious significance. It is mentioned in ancient Indian epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. It was the capital of the Licchavi Republic and the birthplace of Lord Mahavira, the founder of Jainism. The Ashokan Pillar at Kolhua and the Archaeological Museum showcase Vaishali’s rich archaeological heritage. The Mahaparinirvana Temple commemorates Lord Buddha’s last sermon in Vaishali.
5. Patna
Patna, the capital city of Bihar, is a metropolis with a vibrant cultural heritage and modern amenities. It is home to numerous historical landmarks, including the Golghar, a unique granary built during the British colonial era, and the Patna Museum, which houses many artefacts and antiquities. The sprawling public park’s Gandhi Maidan hosts various cultural events and exhibitions.
6. Pawapuri
Pawapuri is a sacred Jain pilgrimage site, revered as where Lord Mahavira attained Nirvana, or liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The Jal Mandir, a temple in the middle of a water tank, marks where Lord Mahavira breathed his last. Devotees and pilgrims visit Pawapuri to pay homage to Lord Mahavira and seek spiritual solace.
7. Kesaria Stupa
The Kesaria Stupa is famed as one of the tallest Buddhist stupas. It is located near the town of Kesaria in Bihar. Built by Emperor Ashoka, the stupa is an architectural wonder adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures. It is a prominent pilgrimage location for Buddhists and attracts visitors with its historical and cultural significance.
8. Vikramshila University
Vikramshila University was an ancient centre of Buddhist learning and scholarship, established by King Dharmapala of the Pala dynasty. The ruins of Vikramshila University, located near Bhagalpur, reflect ancient India’s architectural grandeur and intellectual pursuits. The site offers insights into Buddhist education, philosophy, and culture.
9. Kakolat Falls
Kakolat Falls is a majestic waterfall near Nawada in Bihar, surrounded by lush greenery and rocky cliffs. The waterfall cascades from approximately 160 feet, creating a mesmerising spectacle of water and mist. Visitors can enjoy picnics, swimming, and photography amidst the scenic beauty of Kakolat Falls.
10. Barabar Caves
The Barabar Caves are ancient rock-cut caves located near Jehanabad in Bihar. They date back to the Maurya and Gupta periods. These caves are renowned for their architectural significance and religious importance, with inscriptions and carvings depicting Buddhist and Jain themes. The Lomas Rishi Cave, Sudama Cave, and Karan Chaupar Cave are prominent caves at the site.
